Pronation refers to the rolling in of the ankle (rearfoot) and the slight flattening of the arch (midfoot) after the foot strikes the ground. This allows the foot to act as a shock absorber when accepting the body weight, however if this movement is excessive, it is referred to as overpronation. It is a common condition, affecting as many as one-third of all people.
When the rearfoot and/or midfoot overpronates, the muscles, tendons and ligaments of the foot and ankle are strained.

Diabetes, especially poorly controlled diabetes, can cause nerve damage and poor circulation. This can lead to foot ulcers, blisters, pain, and foot infections. In some cases, the damage can be severe.
Infections in the feet can spread, damaging other organs and even becoming life threatening. Severe foot infections may mean a doctor has to amputate the foot. While most people with diabetes do not develop severe foot complications, diabetes remains a leading cause of amputations.

Tennis elbow is painful weakening of the tendons that join the forearm muscles to the bones. Any repetitive, forceful motion that pulls on the tendon and muscle around the elbow can cause tennis elbow.
Wearing an elbow band compresses the soft tissues mildly and uniformly, thereby helping in reducing the pain.

A heel spur is a pointed bony outgrowth of the heel bone (the calcaneus bone).
The build-up of calcium deposits under the heel bone causes heel spurs.
Heel spurs under the sole of the foot (plantar area) are associated with plantar fasciitis (inflammation of the plantar fascia ligament at the bottom of the foot). Treatments include pain management and orthotics.

Foot supination happens when we don’t use the proper muscles to walk correctly. People who develop this issue struggle with pushing or activating the right muscles in their feet as they walk. 

It could be due to a number of factors, but usually, it’s caused by a muscle imbalance in the feet. If some muscles are weaker and some are tighter, some parts of the feet will experience more weight than the others. Supinated feet can also cause pain in the pelvis and lower part of the spine (lumbar spine).

Knee pain may be the result of an injury, such as a ruptured ligament or torn cartilage. Medical conditions including arthritis, gout and infections also can cause knee pain.Knee pain can be aggravated by physical activity, as well as obesity.It can affect people of all ages, and home remedies can be helpful unless it becomes severe.

Foot pain is any discomfort or pain that occurs in the feet. It can range from a mild ache to severe pain and can be caused by a variety of factors. It can be localized to a specific area of the foot, such as the heel or toes, or it can be more diffuse, affecting the entire foot.
Foot pain can be acute, meaning it comes on suddenly and lasts for a short period of time, or it can be chronic, meaning it lasts for an extended period of time.

The ankle joint connects the foot with the lower leg. Three ligaments keep the ankle bones from shifting out of place. A sprained ankle is when one of these ligaments is stretched too far or torn. Certain people are more likely to sprain their ankles. Women, children, and teenagers tend to have more sprains.
If the sprain is severe or isn’t feeling better after about a week, a doctor visit is required. They might recommend a brace or cast to hold the ankle still.

The heel is the largest bone in the foot.
If overused or injured, the heel starts paining. Pain can range from mild to disabling. Common causes of heel pain are planter fasciitis, achilles tendonitis, posterior tibial tendonitis, bursitis, etc.
Heal pain is one of the most common foot problem. Wearing orthotics fixes the alignment, and alleviates the pain.

Foot ulcers are open sores or lesions that will not heal or that return over a long period of time. These sores result from the breakdown of the skin and tissues of the feet and ankles and can get infected. Symptoms of foot ulcers can include swelling, burning, and pain.
People with diabetes are more prone to foot ulcers. Wearing orthotics helps offload the pressure and speeds up healing.

Often referred to as Achilles tendonitis, tendonosis or dysfunction, Achilles Tendonopathy (AT) is an overuse injury seen in runners, jumpers, and those engaging in other repetitive high-load, high-impact weight bearing activities.
The Achilles Tendon is the largest tendon in the body and connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. Although pain and inflammation may appear suddenly, it is usually the culmination of many small tears to the tendon over a period of time.

A callus is a buildup of the hard skin, usually on the underside of the foot. Calluses are caused by an uneven distribution of weight. Calluses also can be caused by poorly fitting shoes or by a skin problem. A corn is a buildup of hard skin near a bony area of a toe or between toes. Corns may happen because of pressure from the shoes that rub against your toes or cause friction between your toes.

Bunion is a bony lump that forms on the metatarsophalangeal joint where the big toe meets the foot.
Bunions progresses slowly over time and gets bigger and sticks out. Customized footwear with wide toe box and normal heel are very helpful in treating bunions.

Knock knees (Genu Valgum) is a condition in which the knees tilt inward while the ankles remain spaced apart. It is slightly more common in girls, though it can develop in boys too.
Symptoms include symmetric inward angulation of the knees, knees touching each other, unusual walking pattern and outward rotated feet.

Arthritis involves inflammation in and around the joints. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, and involves gradual wearing down of the joints over many years.
Symptoms include pain when standing after periods of rest, increasing pain throughout the day when walking, tenderness when touching or moving the joint, inflammation (warmth or swelling) and joint stiffness, particularly in colder climates. The most common areas affected are the big toes, the top surface of the arch, and the ankle.

Iliotibial band syndrome is the inflammation (swelling) of the iliotibial tract (also known as the iliotibial band or IT band). This long band of flexible fascia extends from the hip to the knee on the outer side of each leg. The IT band thickens at the knee. If the band is tight – for eg, because of insufficient stretching before exercising – it can rub excessively against the femur (thighbone) or iliotibial bursa inside the knee. Continued rubbing can cause the IT band to become swollen and painful.

Bow legs is a condition in which a person’s legs appear to bow or bend outward. It occurs when a person who is standing straight with their ankles together appears to have a space between their knees.For naturally occurring bow legs, a doctor will likely not recommend treatment right away. Instead, they will monitor the legs to watch every 6 months to check for signs of improvement.

When rickets or Blount’s disease is the cause, the condition will worsen rather than improve.