Achilles tendonitis is a condition that occurs when the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, becomes inflamed. It's a common overuse injury that occurs when the Achilles tendon is repeatedly strained, leading to pain and discomfort in the heel and calf area. It can affect people of all ages but it's more common in people who engage in sports and activities that involve running and jumping, as well as older adults.
Symptoms
Pain: The most common symptom of Achilles tendonitis is pain in the back of the heel, especially when the affected person first gets up in the morning or after sitting for a long period of time. The pain may be a dull ache or a sharp stabbing sensation. It can also be present during activities that involve the use of the calf muscles, such as running or jumping.
Stiffness: The affected person may experience stiffness in the heel, particularly in the morning or after sitting for a long period of time.
Swelling: The affected area may be swollen or tender to the touch.
Redness or Warmth: The skin over the affected area may be red or warm to the touch, indicating inflammation.
Limited Range of Motion: The affected person may have difficulty flexing or pointing the foot, due to pain and stiffness in the heel.
Crepitus: There may be a creaking or crackling sound when the ankle is moved.
Weakness or Fatigue in the Leg: The affected person may experience weakness or fatigue in the leg, especially during activities that involve the use of the calf muscles.
Causes
Overuse: The most common cause of Achilles tendonitis is overuse of the Achilles tendon. This can occur in people who engage in sports or activities that involve running, jumping, or other types of repetitive stress on the heel and calf muscles.
Tight Calf Muscles: Tight calf muscles can place extra strain on the Achilles tendon, increasing the risk of developing tendonitis.
Sudden increase in Physical Activity: A sudden increase in physical activity, such as starting a new exercise program or increasing the intensity of an existing one, can put extra stress on the Achilles tendon and lead to tendonitis.
Worn-out Shoes: Wearing shoes that are worn out or do not provide enough support can place extra stress on the Achilles tendon and increase the risk of developing tendonitis.
Age: As people age, the tendons, including the Achilles tendon, may become less flexible and more prone to injury.
Medical Conditions: Certain underlying medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or ankylosing spondylitis can increase the risk of developing Achilles tendonitis.
Biomechanical Issues: Abnormalities in foot or ankle mechanics such as flat feet, high arches, or overpronation can increase the stress on the Achilles tendon and lead to the development of Achilles tendonitis.
Treatments
Rest and Ice: Resting the affected ankle and applying ice to the area can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can teach exercises to help improve strength and flexibility in the ankle, reduce pain, and promote healing.
Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Orthotic Devices: Custom-made shoe inserts, heel lifts, or other orthotic devices can provide support and cushioning to the heel and ankle, redistribute pressure on the tendon, and prevent further injury.
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Stretching and strengthening exercises for the calf muscles can help to reduce tension on the Achilles tendon and promote healing.
Immobilization: A cast or brace may be used to immobilize the ankle and allow the tendon to heal in severe cases.
Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair a damaged tendon.
Insole and Footwear:
Customized Insoles: Insoles can provide extra cushioning and support to the heel and ankle and can help redistribute pressure on the Achilles tendon.
Footwear: Wearing shoes with good arch and heel support, as well as a sturdy sole, can help reduce the risk of Achilles tendonitis. If you have a history of Achilles tendonitis, wearing a shoe with a reinforced heel can help provide additional support.
It's important to note that it's best to consult a doctor or physical therapist to determine the cause of your Achilles tendonitis and the best course of treatment for you.
Comentarios